SWANN HD- 8. 20. CAM (Hikvision DS- 2. CD2. 03. 2) 1. 08. P IR Bullet Network Camera Critic. This is another bargain brought to us by Costco. Swann 1. 08. 0P IR Bullets, at press time, $3. Originally designed to work as part of their NVR package, I took a look at it as a standalone camera. This camera is manufactured by Hikvision and is OEM’ed to various companies, Swann and Lorax included. Hikvision is selling the camera as the DS- 2. CD2. 03. 2 with the added bonus that it’s capable of not only 1. P, but also 3. MP mode. At this time, Costco. Lorax branded version of this camera. Main Features. 1/3” 2. Megapixel CMOS sensor. H. 2. 64 dual- stream encoding. Max of 3. 0fps @ 1. Searching for an electronic component? Simultaneously query distributors, and returns the responses in real time. Malfunctioning Dalek and British Prime Minister Theresa May, fresh off of securing the support of the far-right Democratic Unionist Party, has reportedly set a. Download the free K-Lite Codec Pack if you want to extract images from video/movie files using AndreaMosaic. You don't need to install the entire package but only a. K Lite Codec Pack 9 8 0 Megapixel PhoneP (1. 92. 0 x 1. 08. Day/Night IR Cut Filter. IR LED advertised working distance 3. IP6. 6 Rated Outdoor Bullet. Powered by Po. ESmartphone apps available. Overall, this is an impressive camera with very good image quality, good low light performance, well- organized menus and very, very small. The IR illuminators are bright and have good coverage. The lens, while it says it’s 4mm actually feels wider because it’s view. This is what the web interface looks like when you first log in. There’s options to take a snapshot, manually record, chose a stream and more. Here’s some of the setup screens. First thing to do on any network camera is set a fixed IP address, this is done here BUT, as a word of warning, the camera comes setup with a fixed IP of 1. There’s no easy way to change it. I downloaded i. VMS- 4. 00. 0 from Hikvision and this had an option to find the cameras and change the IP but I had to manually change the IP on my laptop to the 1. I think Swann or Hikvision can make it easier on us and provide a simple IP camera finder app. The next thing is to set the time. I use times. windows. Then go to the DST tab to set your daylight savings time days. The reason you want the time set correctly is because these cameras have the coolest On Screen Display (OSD). It looks at the contrast for each letter and makes it black or white depending on the background. You can see that the date/time is black when over the concrete and white over the grass. This happens automatically. The image setup screen is where you fine tune the image, select WDR and noise reduction settings. Probably one of the most configurable camera in this price range. Now onto the images. I mounted this in the usual spot, under the eave of my garage. As before, you can click on the image to see the full size, 1. P image straight from the camera. Also as before, I set the max exposure time to 1/3. This is a day shot, color balance is quite good and it’s just a nice sharp clear image. This is taken in the late afternoon, the harsh sun shining towards the camera. With WDR set moderately low, you can see the tire tread in the shadow of the car. With WDR off, this would just be black. This is actually one of the better WDR implementations I’ve seen at any price. Here’s a b& w image at night. Good contrast, small amount of noise, good IR coverage. Since there’s streetlights I have no control over, I also mounted the camera in my backyard which is only lit by the moon. As you can see, the scene is well lit by the built in IR illuminator, noise is slightly increased. Some of you use Blue. Iris software, good low cost general purpose NVR software, now with IOS and Android smartphone apps, and a streaming server so you can embed live streaming video from your cameras on a web page. There’s some quirks you have to look out for. First, select Hikvision RTSP as a camera choice. I was able to get smooth video after making some tweaks. On the camera, I increased the CBR max bitrate to 5. I set the key frames to 3. Blue. Iris and on the cameras, I set Blue. Iris to 2. 9 fps, and set the received buffer to 1. MB and I was able to get smooth video as you’ll see from the videos. I uploaded day and night videos to You. Tube. To see them at the full 1. P resolution, you must click on the gear icon and select 1. P resolution and then click on the icon with 4 corners to see the video full screen. The video was extracted from Blue. Iris and represents several events pieced into one extract I did. Some of you may be trying to compare this to the similar looking Dahua cameras, IPC- HFW2. Q- See 7. 20 IR Bullet currently at Costco for $2. I previously reviewed HERE. The cameras look nearly identical. There’s the obvious difference that the Dahua is 7. P and this is 1. 08. P. To me, side by side, the image quality both day and night is superior on the Swann. The color balance, the WDR, the noise reduction is better handled on the Swann. Also, while Dahua will not provide factory support in the U. S., Hikvision will provide factory support on their branded cameras and of course, if you buy the Swann or Lorex versions, they will support you directly. For example, a lot of the software Hikvision provides is readily available along with documentation on their website, www. Also, they have a U. S. headquarters just outside of Los Angeles, CA. If you never heard of Hikvision it’s because they are fairly new to the U. S. market but they are the worlds largest manufacturer of security cameras. Swann, headquarterd in Australia also has offices in the U. S. and Lorex is headquartered in the U. S. in Indiana. Some people have successfully loaded the Hikvision firmware for this camera allowing it to operate in 3. MP mode. The NVR can not record past 1. P (2. MP mode), so you would have to run NVR software like Blue. Iris to derive benefit from 3. MP resolution. The pluses for this camera are; Price. P at 3. 0fps. Bright IR illuminators. Day/Night IR Cut Filter. The shortcoming of the camera are; They need an easy to use IP camera finder. Was not able to get the camera to FTP motion triggered video. Click here to go to the company web page for the camera.
0 Comments
CAD/CAM & Digital Dentistry International Conference, Dubai. Will illustrate, how you can increase your case- acceptance to at least 7. Tom will expand on his own experiences with Emotional Dental Marketing and will let you experience what a patient thinks, what he or she would like to hear and how to best anticipate questions that could hurt case acceptance. Vanik Kaufmann- Jinoian to share his extensive knowledge on dental procedures, so that we are not only making a promise, but also able to commit ourselves to keeping it. After all, being able to show how beautiful one’s smile might potentially become, is only the beginning. ![]() ![]() ![]() Turning it into an actual reality is the next step. When a dentist feels secure in his ability to achieve high- quality aesthetics, it will pay off in multiple ways. Not only will it reduce the number of remakes, it will also lead to overall cost- savings in your teeth restoration activities. Thus, making your practice more economical. To give you a head start, you will be introduced to the newest generation of hybrid ceramics, such as Lithium ceramics and full contour Zirconia ceramics. These might be just what you need to increase your security in performing cosmetic and/or aesthetic treatments! The possibilities and drawbacks of these materials are discussed from the dentist chair’s point of view. Finally, you will learn how to feel more secure in the use of internal and external staining methods, allowing for even better aesthetics. By increasing your own aesthetic skills, you will not only cut costs – you will make your patients happier! Software Quality Conferences. Note: Some of the conferences listed here have already occurred. These references remain here so that the conference coodinators can. The following points will be discussed during the session, so that afterwards each attendee will know how to. Increase case- acceptance to 7. Generate more customers online. Understand how patients think. Understand what patients would like to hear. Anticipate questions that could hurt case acceptance. Improve your skills and accuracy in shade selection, using a method that allows you to select the right shade in under 3. Achieve the highest aesthetic quality of hybrid ceramics through the use of internal and external staining. This staining technique will help you in correcting complicated situations. Learn more about the lithium type and full contour Zirconia materials, and explain what you have to pay attention to in order to obtain the highest aesthetic quality. Use general dental techniques to achieve the desired results through surface texture and grinding techniques. Learn the limitations of intraoral scanners, so you can make a quick decision on when and – especially - when not to use them. How to bring the Twinsmile concept to your practice.
'Fuller House': Season 3 Secrets From The Set! 'Battle Of The Sexes': Steve Carell Talks Channeling Real-Life Tennis Legend Bobby Riggs; Exclusive: Olivia Newton-John.![]() ![]() Things You Didn't Know About Supergirl Movie. Producers Alexander and Ilya Salkind hired director Richard Donner, for the princely sum of $1 million, to direct what would become the blueprint for future superhero films – Superman: The Movie (1. Donner’s classic tale, with its ground- breaking special effects made audiences believe a man could fly. With a staggering worldwide take of over $3. Superman conquered the box office. In 1. 98. 0, Superman II also soared to unexplored heights for the emerging genre, as the picture took in over $1. ![]() The Salkinds had a cinematic juggernaut on their hands, but it was all about to unravel. Superman III (1. 98. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. United States, but the Salkinds wanted to branch out and expanded their films rights to both Superman and his cousin. Supergirl. Everyone had the best intentions, and there certainly was plenty of money in the budget, but ultimately the Girl of Steel’s debut on the Silver Screen was a bust. The film seemed more focused on special effects than storytelling, which crushed any hopes the Salkinds had of expanding their “Super” franchise. Here are 1. 5 Things You Didn’t Know About The Terrible Supergirl Movie. Superman: MIAOne of the most drastic changes to Supergirl (1. Man of Steel from the final script. Christopher Reeve was originally scheduled to make a cameo appearance as Kara’s (Helen Slater) cousin Superman, but he backed out of the project before cameras rolled. Director Jeannot Szwarc called his departure a “mutual agreement.”“There were two major sequences which involved Superman,” Szwarc said. One of them was when she arrived on Earth – he welcomes her – and they fly together. And then later he loses his powers. He has become an old man. He has lost his immortality and he has lost his powers. And she goes and saves him. And through saving him gets the key to destroying the evil witch.”Perhaps Superman’s inclusion could have steadied a rather shaky storyline or, at least, made it worth stomaching. It had an impact on everything,” Szwarc continued. I personally think it would have been a much richer film if Superman would have made an appearance.”1. Becoming Kara Zor- El. Casting 1. 9- year- old Helen Slater in the part of Kara/Supergirl was one of the true achievements of the film, which came courtesy of casting director Lynn Stalmaster. I introduced them to the eight primary candidates,” Stalmaster explained. And I brought Helen in first. I decided to go for the knockout in the first round, and it worked.”But beauty and acting ability can only take someone so far, especially when it comes to portraying a superhero. Late stuntman Alf Joint, who helped Christopher Reeve train to become cinema’s Superman, took on the task of shaping Slater’s physique. In addition to running and lifting weights, Slater and Joint worked together vigorously. If you want to, as people say, move well you have to do or be good at, physical things: gymnastics, riding – she rode,” Joint explained. She did a little bit of fencing, anything that gives you style and movement – she did it.”Prior to Melissa Benoist taking up the mantle of Kara on television, and Laura Vandervoort guest starring on Smallville, Slater was the singular epitome of Supergirl for fans across the world for over thirty years. Budget And Special Effects. Unlike Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1. Supergirl did not skimp when it came to special effects. The opening title sequence alone cost $1 million to produce. Some of the more ingenious moments in the film cost next to nothing to pull off though, even though filmmakers had a total of $3. When Kara arrived on Earth, she exploded upward out of the water. But instead of using actress Helen Slater in the shot, a cutout was employed. We made a very good photograph of her and put it on a wood cutout, and pulled the cutout out of the water very rapidly,” director Jeannot Szwarc explained. During the six- month shoot, Slater spent ninety days preparing for the complicated flying sequences. The actress was harnessed into the outdoor flying crane, which was 2. Other headaches emerged from the 2. Midvale, which was built from scratch at the famous Pinewood Studios. The effort and money was clearly present for Supergirl, which just goes to show that all the resources in the world can’t save a sinking ship when the story is stark. Box Office Bomb. Anyone want to guess how much those Popeyes’ ads cost in Supergirl? Despite a healthy budget, a strong cast led by Hollywood icon Faye Dunaway and solid special effects, the film version of Supergirl flopped when it descended on theaters in the fall of 1. Supergirl became the lowest- grossing installment of the “Super” franchise with only a $1. Superman IV: The Quest for Peace did slightly better in the summer of 1. United States. The Girl of Steel’s feature film also had to settle for opening on Thanksgiving weekend. The producers and filmmakers were obviously encouraged by the picture’s first- week haul, including previews, which was good enough for first place at the box office: $8. But it was only fool’s gold, as the picture plummeted 5. After nine short weeks of brutal critical and box office response, akin to massive amounts of exposure to Kryptonite, Supergirl flat out died. Brooke Shields and Melanie Griffith were almost cast. Much like Marlon Brando had been so pivotal in Superman: The Movie (1. Faye Dunaway was the marquee name producers hoped would attract attention to Supergirl, but Dunaway only won the role of Selena after Dolly Parton, Jane Fonda and Goldie Hawn turned down the part. Director Jeannot Szwarc denied that there were other candidates in Anchor Bay’s 2. Limited Edition DVD commentary, as he insisted that Faye was the only choice. Helen Slater was among eight finalist director Jeannot Szwarc saw, but she was the first actress he and his team met with. The novice 1. 9- year- old won the lead role, which even Brooke Shields and Melanie Griffith were in the running for. John Travolta was approached to play Kara’s love interest Ethan, and Demi Moore was slated to portray Supergirl’s best friend Lucy Lane. Moore walked away from the project at the last moment. Actor Dudley Moore was offered $4 million to take on the role of Zaltar, but turned it down. He did, however, suggest that Szwarc consider actor Peter Cook for the part of Nigel. And Cook made the cut. Was that Max Headroom? Matt Frewer (Watchmen) is a well- known and respected actor now, but in 1. Generation X members, especially in England, came to know and love in the mid- 8. Max Headroom. Touted as the world’s first computer- generated talk show host, Headroom’s irreverent charm flooded airwaves with his debut in 1. Although the character made Frewer a household name, transforming into Max via the makeup was a nightmare for Frewer. It’s not fun,” Frewer explained. It’s like being on the inside of a giant tennis ball.”In Supergirl, Frewer was still a struggling actor who didn’t realize he was on the cusp of going from a nobody to a star. He played a wise- cracking earthling who tried to assault Kara when she first arrived on Earth. It was an inauspicious moment in his early acting career, as Supergirl blew him off with her super breath. Nods to Matrix and Superwoman. Supergirl was loaded with magic, but seeing the future wasn’t a strength of Selena’s in the film. However, without knowing what they were doing, the filmmakers accidentally foreshadowed the sleek look of the Matrix Supergirl four years before her creation in Superman #1. Kara’s costume in the comic books at the time was reflective of the ’8. Helen Slater in the movie. Slater’s costume was virtually identical to the wardrobe sported by the Matrix Supergirl, whose creators must have found inspiration in the feature film’s costume designed by Emma Porteous. Supergirl also featured two characters who at one time or another donned the guise of Superwoman. Kara took on the part of the character in Elseworlds, Earth- 1. Earth- 3. 32, while Lucy Lane appeared as the DC character during the New Krypton storyline (2. Easter Eggs. The Easter Bunny was a busy beaver dropping eggs all over the set of Supergirl. The first wink to the fans came at the 2. Linda Lee/Supergirl met her roommate Lucy Lane (Maureen Teefy) for the first time. Lane seemed very put out with the prospect of a suitemate. As she plopped down on her bed in disgust, Lucy revealed that she had been reading an Incredible Hulk comic book. The second nod to film fanatics came just after the 3. Supergirl searched for the Omegahedron. ![]() Searches in US on 1. September 2. 01. 6. Tools for Pentesters. Compilation. Toxy. HTTP proxy. failure scenarios. It was mainly designed for fuzzing/evil testing purposes, when toxy becomes particularly useful to cover fault tolerance and resiliency capabilities of a system, especially in. Mit. M proxy among services. HTTP flow as you need, performing multiple evil actions in the middle of that process, such as limiting the bandwidth, delaying TCP packets, injecting network jitter latency or replying with a custom error or status code. It operates only at L7 (application level). دانلود رایگان | وطن دانلود. جستجو. صفحه نخست; دانلود ویژه; آموزش. Search files on torrent trackers without registration and rating. DownloadShield - best torrent search and download manager, Trusted and Highspeed Torrents download. دانلود K-Lite Mega Codec Pack v13.5.5 x86/x64 - کامل ترین نرم افزار پخش فایل های صوتی و تصویری [1,380,126]. ![]() Statistical Techniques | Statistical Mechanics. It was built on top of. HTTP proxy, and it's also. Requires node. js +0. Full- featured HTTP/S proxy (backed by. Hackable and elegant programmatic API (inspired on connect/express). Admin HTTP API for external management and dynamic configuration. Featured built- in router with nested configuration. Hierarchical and composable poisoning with rule based filtering. Hierarchical middleware layer (both global and route scopes). Easily augmentable via middleware (based on connect/express middleware). Supports both incoming and outgoing traffic poisoning. Built- in poisons (bandwidth, error, abort, latency, slow read..). Rule- based poisoning (probabilistic, HTTP method, headers, body..). Supports third- party poisons and rules. Built- in balancer and traffic interceptor via middleware. Inherits API and features from. Compatible with connect/express (and most of their middleware). Able to run as standalone HTTP proxy. There're some other similar solutions like. Furthermore, the majority of the those solutions only operates at TCP L3 level stack instead of providing high- level abstractions to cover common requirements in the specific domain and nature of the HTTP L7 protocol, like toxy tries to provide. HTTP protocol primitives easily. Via its built- in hierarchical domain specific middleware layer you can easily augment toxy features to your own needs. HTTP transaction (e. One HTTP transaction can be poisoned by one or multiple poisons, and those poisons can be also configured to infect both global or route level traffic. HTTP request/response in order to determine, given a certain rules, if the HTTP transaction should be poisioned or not (e. Rules can be reused and applied to both incoming and outgoing traffic flows, including different scopes: global, route or poison level. Incoming request ) ↓. Toxy Router | ↓ - > Match the incoming request. Incoming phase | ↓ - > The proxy receives the request from the client. Exec Rules | | ↓ - > Apply configured rules for the incoming request. Exec Poisons | | ↓ - > If all rules passed, then poison the HTTP flow. HTTP dispatcher | ↓ - > Forward the HTTP traffic to the target server, either poisoned or not. Outgoing phase | ↓ - > Receives response from target server. Exec Rules | | ↓ - > Apply configured rules for the outgoing request. Exec Poisons | | ↓ - > If all rules passed, then poison the HTTP flow before send it to the client. Send to the client ) ↓ - > Finally, send the request to the client, either poisoned or not. Create a new toxy proxy. Default server to forward incoming traffic. Register global poisons and rules. Register multiple routes. Rule(rules. headers({'Authorization': /^Bearer (.*)$/i })). Infect outgoing traffic only (after the server replied properly). Poison(poisons. bandwidth({ bps: 5. Rule(rules. method('GET')). Rule(rules. time. Threshold({ duration: 1. Rule(rules. response. Status({ range: [ 2. Limit({ limit: 1. Rule(rules. method(['POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])). And use a different more permissive poison for GET requests. Limit({ limit: 5. Rule(rules. method('GET')). Handle the rest of the traffic. Close({ delay: 1. Read({ bps: 1. 28 })). Rule(rules. probability(5. Server listening on port: ', 3. Test it: ', 'http: //localhost: 3. Poisons host specific logic which intercepts and mutates, wraps, modify and/or cancel an HTTP transaction in the proxy server. Poisons can be applied to incoming or outgoing, or even both traffic flows. Poisons can be composed and reused for different HTTP scenarios. They are executed in FIFO order and asynchronously. Poisoning scopes. HTTP traffic received by the proxy server, regardless of the HTTP method or path. HTTP verb and URI path. Poisons can be plugged to both scopes, meaning you can operate with better accuracy and restrict the scope of the poisoning. Poisoning phases. Poisons can be plugged to incoming or outgoing traffic flows, or even both. This means, essentially, that you can plug in your poisons to infect the HTTP traffic. HTTP server or sent to the client. This allows you apply a better and more accurated poisoning based on the request or server response. For instance, given the nature of some poisons, like. Built- in poisons. Poisoning Phase. incoming / outgoing. Reaches the server. Infects the HTTP flow injecting a latency jitter in the response. Jitter value in miliseconds. Random jitter maximum value. Random jitter minimum value. Or alternatively using a random value. Inject response. Poisoning Phase. Reaches the server. Injects a custom response, intercepting the request before sending it to the target server. Useful to inject errors originated in the server. Response HTTP status code. Default. - Optional headers to send. Optional body data to send. It can be a. - Body encoding. Default to. toxy. Content- Type': 'application/json'}. Poisoning Phase. incoming / outgoing. Reaches the server. Limits the amount of bytes sent over the network in outgoing HTTP traffic for a specific time frame. This poison is basically an alias to. Amount of chunk of bytes to send. Default. - Packets time frame in miliseconds. Default. toxy. poison(toxy. Poisoning Phase. incoming / outgoing. Reaches the server. Limits the amount of requests received by the proxy in a specific threshold time frame. Designed to test API limits. Exposes typical. X- Rate. Limit- *. Note that this is very simple rate limit implementation, indeed limits are stored in- memory, therefore are completely volalite. There're a bunch of featured and consistent rate limiter implementations in. You might be also interested in. Total amount of requests. Default to. - Limit time frame in miliseconds. Default to. - Optional error message when limit is reached. HTTP status code when limit is reached. Default to. toxy. Limit({ limit: 5, threshold: 1. Poisoning Phase. Reaches the server. Reads incoming payload data packets slowly. Only valid for non- GET request. Packet chunk size in bytes. Default to. - Limit threshold time frame in miliseconds. Default to. toxy. Read({ chunk: 2. 04. Poisoning Phase. Reaches the server. Delays the HTTP connection ready state. Delay connection in miliseconds. Default to. toxy. Open({ delay: 2. 00. Poisoning Phase. incoming / outgoing. Reaches the server. Delays the HTTP connection close signal (EOF). Delay time in miliseconds. Default to. toxy. Close({ delay: 2. Poisoning Phase. incoming / outgoing. Reaches the server. Restricts the amount of packets sent over the network in a specific threshold time frame. Packet chunk size in bytes. Default to. - Data chunk delay time frame in miliseconds. Default to. toxy. Abort connection. Poisoning Phase. incoming / outgoing. Reaches the server. Aborts the TCP connection. From the low- level perspective, this will destroy the socket on the server, operating only at TCP level without sending any specific HTTP application level data. Aborts TCP connection after waiting the given miliseconds. Default to. , the connection will be aborted if the target server takes more than the. Default to. - Custom internal node. Default to. // Basic connection abort. Abort after a delay. In this case, the socket will be closed if. Poisoning Phase. incoming / outgoing. Reaches the server. Defines a response timeout. Useful when forward to potentially slow servers. Timeout limit in miliseconds. How to write poisons. Poisons are implemented as standalone middleware (like in connect/express). Here's a simple example of a server latency poison. Latency(delay) {. We name the function since toxy uses it as identifier to get/disable/remove it in the future. Latency(req, res, next) {. Timeout(clean, delay). Close). function on. Close() {. clear. Timeout(timeout). Listener('close', on. Close). var proxy = toxy(). Register and enable the poison. Latency(2. 00. 0)). You can optionally extend the build- in poisons with your own poisons. Poison(custom. Latency). Then you can use it as a built- in poison. Latency). For featured real example, take a look to the.
![]() Blackberry New Software For Curve 89005Special deals on the latest cell phones and smartphones. Get FREE SHIPPING on phones and devices with all new activations! Black. Berry OS - Wikipedia. This article is about the older Black. Berry OS. For the QNX- based mobile operating system formerly called "BBX", see Black. Berry 1. 0. Black. Berry OS is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Black. Berry Limited for its Black. Berry line of smartphone handheld devices. The operating system provides multitasking and supports specialized input devices that have been adopted by Black. Berry for use in its handhelds, particularly the trackwheel, trackball, and most recently, the trackpad and touchscreen. The Black. Berry platform is perhaps best known for its native support for corporate email, through Java Micro Edition. MIDP 1. 0 and, more recently, a subset of MIDP 2. Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, or Novell Group. Wise email, calendar, tasks, notes, and contacts, when used with Black. Berry Enterprise Server. The operating system also supports WAP 1. Updates to the operating system may be automatically available from wireless carriers that support the Black. DeblokGsm.com vous propose de débloquer vos téléphones gratuitement. Vous découvrirez comment utiliser des logiciels et des calculateurs pour désimlocker votre. HIGHSTER MOBILE SPY Licence duration: 1 month cancel at any time Buy now - USD $29.99 "My daughter sends and recieves over 6000 text me(.). Blackberry New Software For Curve 89007Berry over the air software loading (OTASL) service. Third- party developers can write software using the available Black. Berry API classes, although applications that make use of certain functionality must be digitally signed. Research from June 2. Black. Berry OS was discontinued after the release of Black. Berry 1. 0 in January 2. OS continued until the end of 2. Release history[edit]Table of versions: Black. Berry. Version. Release date. Features / Information about. January 1. 99. 9; 1. The Black. Berry OS made its debut and it was released for the Pager Black. Berry 8. 50. March 2. Released on the Black. Berry 5. 81. 0 smartphone. August 4, 2. 00. 9; 8 years ago (2. It was released on the Black. Berry Bold 9. 00. Black. Berry smartphones a short while after its release. Q3 2. 01. 0In April 2. RIM announced the Black. Berry OS 6. 0 version, which was released in the third quarter of 2. This version included a new Web. Kit- based browser.[9]August 2. It was officially released in August 2. Black. Berry Bold (9. Black. Berry Torch (9. Black. Berry Curve (9. Any smartphones running an earlier version of the Black. Berry OS could not be updated to version 7. January 2. 01. 2It has now been superseded by the Black. Berry 1. 0 operating system, but is still sold by Black. Berry on its smartphones. This was an update to version 7. Version. Release date. Features / Information about. Black. Berry 9. 72. The Black. Berry 9. Black. Berry OS 7. Application Switcher, Music, Pictures, Videos, and Phone apps. Availability[edit]While Black. Berry Ltd. develops and releases updated versions of its operating system to support each device, it is up to the individual carriers to decide if and when a version is released to its users. Discontinued. Still sold[1. Black. Berry fonts[edit]The following is a list of fonts that were included in some versions of Black. Berry (note: some of them were not included in older versions): [1. BBAlpha. Sans and BBAlpha. Serif are based on the free software. Deja. Vu fonts.[1. Black. Berry Tablet OS[edit]On September 2. Black. Berry Ltd. QNX- based platform, Black. Berry Tablet OS, to run on its recently released Black. Berry Play. Booktablet computer.[1. See also[edit]^Lextrait, Vincent (January 2. The Programming Languages Beacon, v. Archived from the original on May 3. Retrieved January 4, 2. RIM Black. Berry 1. Detailed Technical Specifications of RIM Black. Berry 5. 81. 0^Black. Berry 5. 81. 0 Wireless Handheld™ e Black. Berry 5. 82. 0 Wireless Handheld™^http: //forums. Developer Economics 2. Black. Berry. "Black. Berry 1. 0 handsets confirmed for January 3. Telegraph. Retrieved 2. Official Black. Berry 6 Preview Video from WES 2. Crack. Berry. April 2. Retrieved April 2. Feature and Technical Overview - Black. Berry Browser - 6. Black. Berry. Archived from the original on February 2. Retrieved February 3, 2. RIM announces Black. Berry 7 OS with better browser and Black. Berry Balance, but no legacy support". Engadget. Retrieved 2. Black. Berry smartphones". Fido. May 1. 4, 2. Retrieved May 1. 4, 2. What is Your Favorite Black. Berry OS 6 Font?". February 1, 2. 01. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. How to set the font family "ARIAL" in the Rich. Text. Field?". July 1. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Prior to OS 5. 0, you were restricted to the fonts installed by Black. Berry Ltd. on your Blackberry. If you are trying to get Arial on a pre OS 5. Like Those Pretty Fonts in OS 4. Thank Bitstream (Bolt) & Deja. Vu". August 7, 2. Black. Berry Ltd. Unveils The Black. Berry Play. Book, official press release, September 2. References[edit]King, Chris (December 1. Advanced Black. Berry Development (1st ed.). Apress. p. 3. 50. ISBN 1- 4. 30. 2- 2. Rizk, Anthony (November 4, 2. Beginning Black. Berry Development (1st ed.). Apress. p. 2. 64. ISBN 1- 4. 30. 2- 7. Johnston, Craig J.; Evers, Richard (July 2. Professional Black. Berry (1st ed.). Wrox. ISBN 0- 7. 64. 5- 8. Rangel, Adrian (December 1. Lista de Sistemas Operativo de Blackberry". Fixaberry. Retrieved October 2. External links[edit]. ![]() Garmin Internal Memory Sizes | POI Factory. How much useable storage space do you get? There is more to it than the 1. Formatting the storage device causes loss of available storage space in varying amount depending on the format (eg FAT, FAT3. NTFS). (Manufacturers give the un- formatted size.)Because of that it would be impossible for storage device manufacturers to tell you accurately how much storage space you will actually have to use for your operating system, pictures, documents, etc. I think the simplest approach is this: When buying a storage device, use the numbers given by the manufacturer. You will get the same amount of storage space if you get an 8 GB drive from manufacturer A as you will if you get an 8 GB drive from manufacturer B. In this case you should be more concerned about comparing other specifications such as rpm, access time, etc. If you are using a storage device and are concerned about how much storage space you have left to add more pictures, documents, map sectors etc. If you want to know to the last bit how much storage space you get, then you have to learn the nuances of how the device manufacturers state the size and how to calculate the amounts in different reference frames (decimal and binary, and the amounts taken by the various formats. For the purposes of this thread, I think the appropriate number to be used is the one reported on the Garmin diagnostic screen, which you can see by pressing the battery icon until the screen appears. That way the size will always be measured by the same ruler. I think bear. 00. ![]() ![]() Preowned Garmin Nuvi 1490 with Hands-free calling. Comes with windshield mount and car charger. It has latest 2017.30 European maps on micro SD card. Top VIdeos. Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/jujaitaly/public/index.php on line 447. Garmin North America Road Maps at FactoryOutletStore.com. Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry/Redox Stability and Redox Reactions. Chapter 4: Redox Stability and Redox Reactions[edit]. Oxidation states of vanadium in acidic solution. From left to right the oxidation state goes from +5 to +2. In redox reactions, one element or compound is reduced (gains electrons) and another is oxidized (loses electrons). In terms of everyday life, redox reactions occur all of the time around us. For example, the metabolism of sugars to CO2, which stores energy in the form of ATP, is a redox reaction. Electrochemistry: Galvanic Cells and the Nernst Equation Introduction. In this experiment the goal is to investigate how to generate an electric current from a. ![]() Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry includes topics such as the properties. - [ 3 ] - CHEMISTRY Experiment Student Hands-On Activities Dissolved Oxygen • Prepare 2 water samples with Winkler solutions. • Perform a sodium thiosulfate. Another example of redox is fire or combustion, such as in a car engine. In a car engine, hydrocarbons in the fuel are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, while oxygen is reduced to water. Corrosion (i. e. the formation of rust on iron) is a redox reaction involving oxidation of a metal. Oxidation- reduction reactions are important to understanding inorganic chemistry for several reasons: Transition metals can have multiple oxidation states. Main group elements (N, halogens, O, S..) also have multiple oxidation states and important redox chemistry. Many inorganic compounds catalyze redox reactions (which are especially useful in industrial and biological applications)Energy conversion and storage technologies (solar water splitting, batteries, electrolyzers, fuel cells) rely on inorganic redox reactions and catalysis. Electrochemistry provides a way to measure equilibrium constants for dissolution/precipitation, complexation, and other reactions. Not all oxidizers and reducers are created equal. The electrochemical series ranks substances according to their oxidizing and reducing power, i. Strong oxidizing agents are typically compounds with elements in high oxidation states or with high electronegativity, which gain electrons in the redox reaction. Examples of strong oxidizers include hydrogen peroxide, permanganate, and osmium tetroxide. Reducing agents are typically electropositive elements such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, iron, and aluminum, which lose electrons in redox reactions. Hydrides (compounds that contain hydrogen in the formal - 1 oxidation state), such as sodium hydride, sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride, are often used as reducing agents in organic and organometallic reactions. Learning goals for Chapter 4: Balance complex oxidation- reduction reactions by the ion- electron method. Understand periodic trends in the activity series and electrochemical series. Use the Nernst equation to determine half- cell and cell potentials. Derive the stability field of water and use this to rationalize aqueous redox chemistry. Construct and be proficient with Latimer diagrams, using them to determine unknown reduction potential values and to quickly identify stable and unstable species. Construct and be proficient with Frost diagrams, using them to identify stable and unstable species, as well as those that are strong oxidizers. Construct and be proficient with Pourbaix diagrams, using them to identify redox and non- redox reactions, reactions that are and are not p. H- dependent, and ultimately to predict and rationalize stability, reactivity, corrosion, and passivation. 4. Balancing redox reactions[edit]In studying redox chemistry, it is important to begin by learning to balance electrochemical reactions. Simple redox reactions (for example, H2 + I2 → 2 HI) can be balanced by inspection, but for more complex reactions it is helpful to have a foolproof, systematic method. The ion- electron method allows one to balance redox reactions regardless of their complexity. We illustrate this method with two examples. Example 1: I- is oxidized to IO3- by Mn. O4- , which is reduced to Mn. How can this reaction be balanced? In the ion- electron method we follow a series of four steps: Step 1. A: Write out the (unbalanced) reaction and identify the elements that are undergoing redox. Mn. O4- + I- → IO3- + Mn. The elements undergoing redox are Mn and I)Step 1. B: Separate the reaction into two half reactions, balancing the element undergoing redox in each. Mn. O4- → Mn. 2+I- → IO3- Step 2. A: Balance the oxygen atoms by adding water to one side of each half reaction. Mn. O4- → Mn. 2+ + 4. H2. O3. H2. O + I- → IO3- Step 2. B: Balance the hydrogen atoms by adding H+ ions. H+ + Mn. O4- → Mn. H2. OThe left side has a net charge of +7 and the right side has a net charge of +2. H2. O + I- → IO3- + 6. H+The left side has a net charge of - 1 and the right side has a net charge of +5. Step 2. C: Balance the overall charge by adding electrons. H+ + 5e- + Mn. O4- → Mn. H2. OThe left side has a charge of +2 while the right side has a charge of +2. They are balanced. H2. O + I- → IO3- + 6. H+ + 6e- The left side has a charge of - 1 while the right side has a charge of - 1. They are balanced. Note: We did not need to explicitly determine the oxidation states of Mn or I to arrive at the correct number of electrons in each half reaction. Step 3: Combine the half reactions so that there are equal numbers of electrons on the left and right sides. H+ + 5e- + Mn. O4- → Mn. H2. O)5 (3. H2. O + I- → IO3- + 6. H+ + 6e- )4. 8H+ + 3. H2. O + 6. Mn. O4- + 5. I- → 5. IO3- + 6. Mn. 2+ + 2. 4H2. O + 3. H+Cancel the H+, electrons, and water: 4. H+ + 3. 0e- + 1. 5H2. O + 6. Mn. O4- + 5. I- → 5. IO3- + 6. Mn. 2+ + 2. 4H2. O + 3. H+The overall balanced reaction is therefore: 1. H+ + 6. Mn. O4- + 5. I- → 5. IO3- + 6. Mn. 2+ + 9. H2. OCheck your work by making sure that all elements and charges are balanced. Step 4: If the reaction occurs under basic conditions, we add OH- to each side to cancel H+1. H+ + 1. 8OH- + 6. Mn. O4- + 5. I- → 5. IO3- + 6. Mn. 2+ + 9. H2. O + 1. 8OH- The 1. H+ + 1. 8OH- will become 1. H2. O so the overall balanced reaction is: 9. H2. O + 6. Mn. O4- + 5. I- → 5. IO3- + 6. Mn. 2+ + 1. 8OH- Again, it is a good idea to check and make sure that all of the elements are balanced, and that the charge is the same on both sides. If this is not the case, you need to find the error in one of the earlier steps. Example 2: Redox reaction of S2. O3. 2- and H2. O2. S2. O3. 2- + H2. O2 → S4. O6. 2- + H2. OWhich elements are undergoing redox? S and OStep 1: Write out half reactions, balancing the element undergoing redox. S2. O3. 2- → S4. O6. H2. O2 → 2. H2. OStep 2. A: Balance oxygen (already balanced)Step 2. B: Balance hydrogen: 2. S2. O3. 2- → S4. O6. H2. O2 + 2. H+ → 2. H2. OStep 2. C: Balance charge by adding electrons: 2. S2. O3. 2- → S4. O6. H2. O2 + 2. H+ + 2e- → 2. H2. OStep 3: Combine the half reactions so that there are equal numbers of electrons on the left and right sides (already equal)Overall balanced reaction: 2. S2. O3. 2- + H2. O2 + 2. H+ → S4. O6. 2- + 2. H2. ONote that again, we did not need to know the formal oxidation states of S or O in the reactants and products in order to balance the reaction. In this case, assigning the oxidation states would be rather complex, because S2. O3. 2- and S4. O6. Electrochemical potentials[edit]In electrochemical cells, or in redox reactions that happen in solution, the thermodynamic driving force can be measured as the cell potential. Chemical reactions are spontaneous in the direction of - ΔG, which is also the direction in which the cell potential (defined as Ecathode - Eanode) is positive. A cell operating in the spontaneous direction (for example, a battery that is discharging) is called a galvanic cell. A cell that is being driven in the non- spontaneous direction is called an electrolytic cell. For example, let us consider the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to make water: 2. H2(g) + O2(g) = 2 H2. O(l)Thermodynamically, this reaction is spontaneous in the direction shown and has an overall standard free energy change (ΔG°) of - 2. J per mole of water produced. When this reaction occurs electrochemically in the spontaneous direction (e. Anode: H2(g) → 2. H+(aq) + 2e- Cathode: O2(g) + 4. H+(aq) + 4e- → 2 H2. O(l)Here the anode is the negative electrode and the cathode is the positive electrode; under conditions of very low current density (where there are minimal resistive losses and kinetic overpotentials), the potential difference we would measure between the two electrodes would be 1. V. In an electrolytic cell, this reaction is run in reverse. That is, we put in electrical energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. In this case, the half reactions (and their standard potentials) reverse. O2(g) bubbles form at the anode and H2(g) is formed at the cathode. Now the anode is the positive electrode and the cathode is negative. From the server.Run the EXE. Hamster Free Video Converter 2.0. Hamster Free Video Converter is a free video converter that turns video conversions. Hamster Free Video Converter is a free and easy to use converting tool. 2.5; 2.0 (editorial review). Hamster video; Free mp4 to.mpg;. ![]() Being tested with more than 10,000 video files, EaseFab Video Converter is assured of a stable, easy-to-use yet fast video converting tool on. Free Technical Support.![]() Convert any video to MP4/WMV/MP3 for mobile devices. Any Video Converter is designed with no limitations and zero costs. It lets you effortlessly convert any video files to any format for FREE! Supported video inputs: MP4, MPEG, VOB, WMV, 3. GP, 3. G2, MKV, MOD, M2. TS, RMVB, AVI, MOV, FLV, F4. V, DVR- MS, TOD, DV, MXF, OGG, WEBM, any 4. K video format and more. Supported video outputs: WMV, MPG, MP4, AVI, ASF, M2. TS, 3. GP, 3. G2, FLV, MKV, SWF, WEBM, HTML5 WEBM, HTML5 OGG, HTML5 MP4 and more. Supported output device: i. Pad Pro, i. Pad Air, i. Pad Mini, i. Phone 8/8 Plus, Apple TV, Google Android, Kindle Fire HD, Sony PSP, Xbox 3. Samsung, HTC, LG, Huawei and more. Files and Settings guide for Outlook. This guide is not for the faint hearted but still is useful if you are interested in the location of a specific file or its purpose and whether or not is possible to migrate it to another computer. If you are looking for a way to just backup your Outlook data, please take a look at Backup and Restore all Outlook data instead. If you are looking for a way to conveniently backup your Outlook data and settings or want to move your Outlook data and settings to another computer, the blog post Backup Outlook settings is recommended instead. If you are in IT support or just are interested to find out which files Outlook uses and where it stores its settings; this is the guide for you. How this guide works. In the “Folder locations” section, you’ll find an overview of the folders Outlook uses to store files in or read files from. Aside from its location a short description is provided and a list of files types which are stored in that specific folder. These folder names are also referenced in the “File names” section. The “File names” and “Registry locations” include a “Migrate?” column to inform about the possibilities to move to another computer or user profile in the following way; possiblenot needed (automatically recreated)not recommended (dependencies)not possible. Not recommended. This means that the single file could hold dependencies on other settings, making it not usable after the migration or could break something else. It could also mean that the file holds data or settings which is automatically recreated after the migration and therefore not required to migrate. If you want to move these files, it is recommended that you use a backup/restore tool that supports migrating these settings by also copying or taking out certain dependencies. For that, please see this blog post. Restoring it on the same computer for the same user is basically always possible unless otherwise specified. Required Windows View settings. To be able to view all files, folders and file extensions, you might need to make 3 changes first in; Control Panel- > Folder Options- > tab View. · When you’re setting up a new or existing PC with Windows 10, Microsoft will offer to install the operating system with “Express settings.” Although. Hello, Sorry for the late reply. I was very busy these days. In this case the procedure is rather awkward: if you have the outlook.pst file you need to install. Show hidden files and folders (selected)Hide extensions for known file types (disabled)Hide protected operating system files (disabled; only needed to see contents of the Protect folder)After finishing this guide, it is recommended to turn the above options back to their original settings. Folder locations. Unless otherwise specified, no advise is given to migrate the entire folder to another machine because of its mixed contents. Look at the list of individual files to determine if you can move the contents of the folder as a whole or not. Name and example files. Description contents and Locations. Main installation folder*. Installation files and folders. For the main part this folders consists out of *. Windows: C: \Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office< version number> \6. Windows: C: \Program Files (x. 3CX Phone System can integrate with Microsoft Outlook. Follow this simple guide for CRM integration with Microsoft Outlook. Microsoft Office\Office< version number> \Shared installation folder*. Additional installation files and folders which are often shared between Office applications or other applications. For the main part this folders consists out of *. Windows: C: \Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\6. Windows: C: \Program Files (x. Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Roaming Profile settings< profilename>. Outl. Prnt. Vba. Project. OTM*. pab. Contains files and settings of the user which are being synced back to the server when Roaming Profiles is enabled in a domain. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Outlook\Local Profile settings< profilename>. Troubleshooting Outlook VBA. Sometimes Outlook VBA won't run. Likely causes include macro security settings, missing or disabled components, or external programs. ![]() Contains files and settings of the user which are not being synced back to the server when Roaming Profiles in enabled in a domain. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Local\Microsoft\Outlook\Roam. Cache. Stream_Autocomplete_*. Stream_Availability. Options_*. dat. Stream_Calendar_*. Stream_Category. List_*. Stream_Contact. Prefs_*. Stream_Conversation. Prefs_*. dat. Stream_Weather_*. Contains an extracted cache of (list) properties and settings which are stored within the mailbox itself. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook\Roam. Cache\Windows 1. 0, Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Local\Microsoft\Outlook\Roam. Cache\Forms Roaming. Contains files with settings for the Form Designer in Outlook. Other (Office) applications can also use this location to store their own form design settings and data. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Forms\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Forms\Forms Local Cache. Here are forms cached which are not native or local to the Outlook environment. Usually these are custom forms from Public Folders. This folder holds a subfolder for each cached form. These folders are named after the message class and have a tmp- file within that folder. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\FORMS\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Local\Microsoft\FORMS\Protect. Folder with system files holding encrypted information. The folder is named after the Security ID (SID) of the user. It is used by Outlook 2. Protected Storage registry key. It is not possible to migrate this folder but removing this folder can solve mail account password issues on Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Protect\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\Signatures. Your signatures are being stored here in 3 formats; HTML, Plain Text and Rich Text The folder could hold additional data for your signature such as CSS, themes and images. For more on signatures see this guide. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Signatures\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Signatures. Templatesnormal. dotnormalemail. Default folder to store templates in. This folder is shared with other Office applications and could hold additional files. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates. Stationery*. htm*. Contains files used for personal stationery. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Stationery\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Stationery\Proof. Holds additional personal dictionaries in the ANSI format (Outlook 2. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Proof\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\Proof\UProof. Holds additional personal dictionaries in the UNICODE format (since Outlook 2. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\UProof\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Roaming\Microsoft\UProof\Local Office Settings. Holds various local Office settings including your customizations to the Quick Access Toolbars and Ribbons in Outlook. For an overview of qat- files used by Outlook 2. Outlook 2. 01. 0 and Outlook 2. UI- files instead. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Office\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. Data\Local\Microsoft\Office\Roaming Office Settings. Holds various roaming Office settings which are being synced back to the server when Roaming Profiles is enabled in a domain. Plain Text Auto. Correct entries created via Outlook are kept here as well. Windows XP: C: \Documents and Settings\%username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Office\Windows 1. Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista: C: \Users\%username%\App. ![]() ![]() Abstract. This report is an introduction to Artificial Neural Networks. The various types of neural networks are explained and demonstrated, applications of neural. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) or connectionist systems are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. What are Convolutional Neural Networks and why are they important? Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets or CNNs) are a category of Neural Networks that have proven. CS2. 31n Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition. Table of Contents: Convolutional Neural Networks are very similar to ordinary Neural Networks from the previous chapter: they are made up of neurons that have learnable weights and biases. Each neuron receives some inputs, performs a dot product and optionally follows it with a non- linearity. The whole network still expresses a single differentiable score function: from the raw image pixels on one end to class scores at the other. And they still have a loss function (e. SVM/Softmax) on the last (fully- connected) layer and all the tips/tricks we developed for learning regular Neural Networks still apply. So what does change? Conv. Net architectures make the explicit assumption that the inputs are images, which allows us to encode certain properties into the architecture. These then make the forward function more efficient to implement and vastly reduce the amount of parameters in the network. Architecture Overview. Recall: Regular Neural Nets. As we saw in the previous chapter, Neural Networks receive an input (a single vector), and transform it through a series of hidden layers. Each hidden layer is made up of a set of neurons, where each neuron is fully connected to all neurons in the previous layer, and where neurons in a single layer function completely independently and do not share any connections. The last fully- connected layer is called the “output layer” and in classification settings it represents the class scores. Regular Neural Nets don’t scale well to full images. In CIFAR- 1. 0, images are only of size 3. Neural Network would have 3. This amount still seems manageable, but clearly this fully- connected structure does not scale to larger images. For example, an image of more respectable size, e. Moreover, we would almost certainly want to have several such neurons, so the parameters would add up quickly! Clearly, this full connectivity is wasteful and the huge number of parameters would quickly lead to overfitting. D volumes of neurons. Convolutional Neural Networks take advantage of the fact that the input consists of images and they constrain the architecture in a more sensible way. In particular, unlike a regular Neural Network, the layers of a Conv. Net have neurons arranged in 3 dimensions: width, height, depth. Note that the word depth here refers to the third dimension of an activation volume, not to the depth of a full Neural Network, which can refer to the total number of layers in a network.) For example, the input images in CIFAR- 1. As we will soon see, the neurons in a layer will only be connected to a small region of the layer before it, instead of all of the neurons in a fully- connected manner. Moreover, the final output layer would for CIFAR- 1. Conv. Net architecture we will reduce the full image into a single vector of class scores, arranged along the depth dimension. Here is a visualization: A Conv. Net is made up of Layers. Every Layer has a simple API: It transforms an input 3. D volume to an output 3. D volume with some differentiable function that may or may not have parameters. Layers used to build Conv. Nets. As we described above, a simple Conv. Net is a sequence of layers, and every layer of a Conv. Net transforms one volume of activations to another through a differentiable function. We use three main types of layers to build Conv. Net architectures: Convolutional Layer, Pooling Layer, and Fully- Connected Layer (exactly as seen in regular Neural Networks). We will stack these layers to form a full Conv. Net architecture. Example Architecture: Overview. We will go into more details below, but a simple Conv. Net for CIFAR- 1. INPUT - CONV - RELU - POOL - FC]. In more detail: INPUT [3. R,G,B. CONV layer will compute the output of neurons that are connected to local regions in the input, each computing a dot product between their weights and a small region they are connected to in the input volume. This may result in volume such as [3. RELU layer will apply an elementwise activation function, such as the \(max(0,x)\) thresholding at zero. This leaves the size of the volume unchanged ([3. POOL layer will perform a downsampling operation along the spatial dimensions (width, height), resulting in volume such as [1. FC (i. e. fully- connected) layer will compute the class scores, resulting in volume of size [1x. CIFAR- 1. 0. As with ordinary Neural Networks and as the name implies, each neuron in this layer will be connected to all the numbers in the previous volume. In this way, Conv. Nets transform the original image layer by layer from the original pixel values to the final class scores. Note that some layers contain parameters and other don’t. In particular, the CONV/FC layers perform transformations that are a function of not only the activations in the input volume, but also of the parameters (the weights and biases of the neurons). On the other hand, the RELU/POOL layers will implement a fixed function. The parameters in the CONV/FC layers will be trained with gradient descent so that the class scores that the Conv. Net computes are consistent with the labels in the training set for each image. In summary: A Conv. Net architecture is in the simplest case a list of Layers that transform the image volume into an output volume (e. There are a few distinct types of Layers (e. CONV/FC/RELU/POOL are by far the most popular)Each Layer accepts an input 3. D volume and transforms it to an output 3. D volume through a differentiable function. Each Layer may or may not have parameters (e. CONV/FC do, RELU/POOL don’t)Each Layer may or may not have additional hyperparameters (e. CONV/FC/POOL do, RELU doesn’t). The activations of an example Conv. Net architecture. The initial volume stores the raw image pixels (left) and the last volume stores the class scores (right). Each volume of activations along the processing path is shown as a column. Since it's difficult to visualize 3. D volumes, we lay out each volume's slices in rows. The last layer volume holds the scores for each class, but here we only visualize the sorted top 5 scores, and print the labels of each one. The full web- based demo is shown in the header of our website. The architecture shown here is a tiny VGG Net, which we will discuss later. We now describe the individual layers and the details of their hyperparameters and their connectivities. Convolutional Layer. The Conv layer is the core building block of a Convolutional Network that does most of the computational heavy lifting. Overview and intuition without brain stuff. Lets first discuss what the CONV layer computes without brain/neuron analogies. The CONV layer’s parameters consist of a set of learnable filters. Every filter is small spatially (along width and height), but extends through the full depth of the input volume. For example, a typical filter on a first layer of a Conv. Net might have size 5x. During the forward pass, we slide (more precisely, convolve) each filter across the width and height of the input volume and compute dot products between the entries of the filter and the input at any position. As we slide the filter over the width and height of the input volume we will produce a 2- dimensional activation map that gives the responses of that filter at every spatial position. Intuitively, the network will learn filters that activate when they see some type of visual feature such as an edge of some orientation or a blotch of some color on the first layer, or eventually entire honeycomb or wheel- like patterns on higher layers of the network. Now, we will have an entire set of filters in each CONV layer (e. We will stack these activation maps along the depth dimension and produce the output volume. The brain view. If you’re a fan of the brain/neuron analogies, every entry in the 3. D output volume can also be interpreted as an output of a neuron that looks at only a small region in the input and shares parameters with all neurons to the left and right spatially (since these numbers all result from applying the same filter). We now discuss the details of the neuron connectivities, their arrangement in space, and their parameter sharing scheme. Local Connectivity. When dealing with high- dimensional inputs such as images, as we saw above it is impractical to connect neurons to all neurons in the previous volume. Instead, we will connect each neuron to only a local region of the input volume. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |